Is "module"
an official npm property or is this a convention of some kind?
It's a proposal, but likely to be supported due to de facto usage.
Is there documentation for this somewhere?
There is, in fact, and it can be found right here and later removed here.
What's it for?
ES6 Module Interoperability in Node. Additional discussion can be found here and here. And here's a blog post from Rich Harris talking more about it.
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