Java abstract interface

Question

Consider an example (which compiles in java)

public abstract interface Interface {
    public void interfacing();
    public abstract boolean interfacing(boolean really);
}

Why is it necessary for an interface to be "declared" abstract? Is there other rules that applies with an abstract interface?

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Finally: If abstract is obsolete, why is it included in Java? Is there a history for abstract interface?

Answer 1

Why is it necessary for an interface to be "declared" abstract?

It's not.

public abstract interface Interface {
       \___.__/
           |
           '----> Neither this...

    public void interfacing();
    public abstract boolean interfacing(boolean really);
           \___.__/
               |
               '----> nor this, are necessary.
}

Interfaces and their methods are implicitly abstract and adding that modifier makes no difference.

Is there other rules that applies with an abstract interface?

No, same rules apply. The method must be implemented by any (concrete) implementing class.

If abstract is obsolete, why is it included in Java? Is there a history for abstract interface?

Interesting question. I dug up the first edition of JLS, and even there it says "This modifier is obsolete and should not be used in new Java programs".

Okay, digging even further... After hitting numerous broken links, I managed to find a copy of the original Oak 0.2 Specification (or "manual"). Quite interesting read I must say, and only 38 pages in total! :-)

Under Section 5, Interfaces, it provides the following example:

public interface Storing {
    void freezeDry(Stream s) = 0;
    void reconstitute(Stream s) = 0;
}

And in the margin it says

In the future, the " =0" part of declaring methods in interfaces may go away.

Assuming =0 got replaced by the abstract keyword, I suspect that abstract was at some point mandatory for interface methods!

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Related article: Java: Abstract interfaces and abstract interface methods