unix - 使用grep --exclude / - include语法不要浏览某些文件(Use grep --exclude/--include syntax to not grep through certain files)

Question

I'm looking for the string foo= in text files in a directory tree.

(我在目录树中的文本文件中寻找字符串foo= 。)

It's on a common Linux machine, I have bash shell:

(它在一台普通的Linux机器上，我有bash shell：)

grep -ircl "foo=" *

In the directories are also many binary files which match "foo=".

(在目录中还有许多匹配“foo =”的二进制文件。)

As these results are not relevant and slow down the search, I want grep to skip searching these files (mostly JPEG and PNG images).

(由于这些结果不相关并且减慢了搜索速度，我希望grep跳过搜索这些文件（主要是JPEG和PNG图像）。)

How would I do that?

(我该怎么办？)

I know there are the --exclude=PATTERN and --include=PATTERN options, but what is the pattern format?

(我知道有--exclude=PATTERN和--include=PATTERN选项，但模式格式是什么？)

The man page of grep says:

(grep的手册页说：)

--include=PATTERN     Recurse in directories only searching file matching PATTERN.
--exclude=PATTERN     Recurse in directories skip file matching PATTERN.

Searching on grep include , grep include exclude , grep exclude and variants did not find anything relevant

(搜索grep include ， grep include exclude ， grep exclude和variants没有找到任何相关内容)

If there's a better way of grepping only in certain files, I'm all for it;

(如果有一种更好的方法只在某些文件中进行grepping，我就是全力以赴;)

moving the offending files is not an option.

(移动违规文件不是一种选择。)

I can't search only certain directories (the directory structure is a big mess, with everything everywhere).

(我不能只搜索某些目录（目录结构很乱，随处可见）。)

Also, I can't install anything, so I have to do with common tools (like grep or the suggested find ).

(另外，我无法安装任何东西，所以我必须使用常用工具（如grep或建议的查找 ）。)

  ask by Piskvor translate from so

Answer 1

Use the shell globbing syntax:

(使用shell globbing语法：)

grep pattern -r --include=*.{cpp,h} rootdir

The syntax for --exclude is identical.

(--exclude的语法是相同的。)

Note that the star is escaped with a backslash to prevent it from being expanded by the shell (quoting it, such as --include="*.{cpp,h}" , would work just as well).

(请注意，使用反斜杠转义星号以防止它被shell展开（引用它，例如--include="*.{cpp,h}" ，也可以正常工作）。)

Otherwise, if you had any files in the current working directory that matched the pattern, the command line would expand to something like grep pattern -r --include=foo.cpp --include=bar.h rootdir , which would only search files named foo.cpp and bar.h , which is quite likely not what you wanted.

(否则，如果当前工作目录中的任何文件与模式匹配，命令行将扩展为类似grep pattern -r --include=foo.cpp --include=bar.h rootdir ，它只会搜索文件名为foo.cpp和bar.h ，很可能不是你想要的。)