ios - Swift 中用于单元测试的静态函数的依赖注入(inject)
<p><p>我知道这看起来是一个常见问题，但是在阅读了 10-15 教程并查看了如何为我的服务类编写测试之后。我无法解决将静态函数移动到协议(protocol)等的问题。用于依赖注入(inject)</p>
<p>我有一个如下图所示的网络层。我所有的函数类(如获取用户、新闻、媒体等)都调用“服务调用者”类，然后如果响应错误；调用“服务错误”类来处理错误，如果没有错误，则解码 JSON。 </p>
<p>我的问题是我将服务类调用为静态函数，如“ServiceCaller.performRequest”，如果出现错误，我还将错误类调用为静态函数，如“ServiceError.handle”。它还调用 URLCache 类来获取请求 url 的路径。我不确定<strong>如何让它们在测试类中进行依赖注入(inject)和模拟。</strong>正如我在教程中发现的那样，我应该这样写；</p>
<pre><code>protocol MyProtocol{
func myfunction() -> Void
}
class A{
let testProtocol = MyProtocol!
init(pro: MyProtocol){
testProtocol = pro
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>可能在测试类的设置函数中；</p>
<pre><code>myMockProtocol = ...
myTestclass = A.init(pro: myMockProtocol)
</code></pre>
<p> <a href="/image/HFymQ.png" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><img src="/image/HFymQ.png" alt="How My Network layer works"/></a> </p>
<p>但我找不到如何获得像 ServiceCaller.performRequest 或 ServiceError.handle.. 这样的静态调用； (问题底部的简化版)</p>
<pre><code>class AppInitService{
static func initAppRequest(_ completion: @escaping (_ appInitRecevingModel: Result<AppInitRecevingModel>) -> Void) {
let sendingModel = AppInitSendingModel(cmsVersion: AppDefaults.instance.getCMSVersion())
let route = ServiceRouter(method: .post, path: URLCache.instance.getServiceURL(key: URLKeys.initApp), parameters: (sendingModel.getJSONData()), timeoutSec: 1)
ServiceCaller.performRequest(route: route) { (result) in
if let error = result.error{
if let statusCode = result.response?.statusCode{
completion(.error(ServiceError.handle(error: error, statusCode: statusCode)))
}else{
completion(.error(ServiceError.handle(error: error, statusCode: error._code)))
}
}else{
if let data = result.data{
do{
var responseJson = JSON(data)
responseJson["idleTimeoutInMinutes"] = 10
let input = try AppInitRecevingModel(data: responseJson.rawData())
completion(.success(input))
}catch let error{
completion(.error(ServiceError.handle(error: error, statusCode: -1002)))
}
}
}}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>我的测试课:</p>
<pre><code>class MyProjectAppInitTests: XCTestCase {
var appInitTest: AppInitService!
override func setUp() {
super.setUp()
// Put setup code here. This method is called before the invocation of each test method in the class.
appInitTest = AppInitService.init()
}
override func tearDown() {
// Put teardown code here. This method is called after the invocation of each test method in the class.
appInitTest = nil
super.tearDown()
}
func testExample() {
// This is an example of a functional test case.
// Use XCTAssert and related functions to verify your tests produce the correct results.
let testParamater = ["string":"test"]
let route = ServiceRouter(method: .post, path: "/testPath", parameters: testParamater.getJSONData(), timeoutSec: 10)
appInitTest. //cant call anything in here
}
</code></pre>
<p>我寻找的教程单元测试；</p>
<p> <a href="https://www.raywenderlich.com/150073/ios-unit-testing-and-ui-testing-tutorial" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://www.raywenderlich.com/150073/ios-unit-testing-and-ui-testing-tutorial</a> </p>
<p> <a href="https://www.swiftbysundell.com/posts/time-traveling-in-swift-unit-tests" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://www.swiftbysundell.com/posts/time-traveling-in-swift-unit-tests</a> </p>
<p> <a href="https://marcosantadev.com/test-doubles-swift" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">https://marcosantadev.com/test-doubles-swift</a> </p>
<p> <a href="http://merowing.info/2017/04/using-protocol-compositon-for-dependency-injection/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">http://merowing.info/2017/04/using-protocol-compositon-for-dependency-injection/</a> </p>
<p>编辑:一种解决方案可能是为整个网络层和服务类编写初始化类，然后摆脱静态函数？但我不确定这是否是一个好方法。</p>
<p>编辑 2:简化代码；</p>
<pre><code>class A{
static func b(completion:...){
let paramater = ObjectModel(somevariable: SomeClass.Singleton.getVariable()) //Data that I sent on network request
let router = ServiceRouter(somevariable: SomeClassAgain.Singleton.getsomething()) //Router class which gets parameters, http method etc..
NetworkClass.performNetworkRequest(sender: object2){ (result) in
//Result - What I want to test (Write UnitTest about)
}
}
}
</code></pre></p>
<br><hr><h1><strong>Best Answer-推荐答案</ strong></h1><br>
<p><p>使用模拟。</p>
<pre><code>class ServiceCallerMock: ServiceCaller {
override class func performRequest(route: ServiceRouter) -> (Any?) -> Void? {
//your implementation goes here
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>您可以模拟 <code>ServiceCaller</code> 并覆盖 performRequest 方法，然后将函数更改为:</p>
<pre><code>static func initAppRequest(_ completion: @escaping (_ appInitRecevingModel: Result<AppInitRecevingModel>) -> Void, serviceCaller: ServiceCaller.Type = ServiceCaller.self) {
...
serviceCaller.performRequest(route: route) { (result) in
...
}
</code></pre>
<p>然后您可以使用 <code>ServiceCaller</code> 的模拟实现来调用 <code>initAppRequest</code> 函数。</p></p>
<p style="font-size: 20px;">关于ios - Swift 中用于单元测试的静态函数的依赖注入(inject)，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50251997/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="color: red;">
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50251997/
</a>
</p>
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