iOS - 在 Swift 3 中以编程方式删除和激活新约束时布局损坏
<p><p>在 Swift 3 中以编程方式处理约束让我非常沮丧。在非常基本的层面上，我的应用程序显示了许多具有初始约束的 View ，然后在旋转时应用新约束，以允许 View 调整大小并根据需要重新定位。不幸的是，这远非易事，因为我还是 iOS 开发和 Swift 的新手。我花了很多时间尝试 StackOverflow 和其他地方提供的许多不同的解决方案，但我一直得到相同的结果(最后详述)。</p>
<p> <a href="/image/LtA98.png" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><img src="/image/LtA98.png" alt="Storyboard image"/></a> </p>
<p>我有一个 ViewController (我们称之为“主视图 Controller ”)，它的 Root View 包含两个 subview ， ViewA 和 ViewB 容器。 Root View 的背景颜色为粉红色。</p>
<p> ViewA 内部包含一个标签，垂直和水平居中，以及橙色背景色。 View A 有 4 个约束 - 、、 和 。</p>
<p>View B Container 最初没有内容。它有 4 个约束 - 、、 和 。</p>
<hr/>
<p>我还有另一个 ViewController (我们称之为“ ViewBViewController ”)驱动 ViewB 容器的内容。为了简单起见，这只是一个没有自定义逻辑的默认 ViewController 。 View B View Controller 的 Root View 包含一个 subviewView B。</p>
<p> ViewB 与上面的 ViewA 几乎相同 - 单个标签垂直和水平居中，背景颜色为蓝色。 ViewB 有 4 个约束 - 、、 和 。</p>
<hr/>
<p>在主视图 Controller 类中，我维护了对 ViewA 和 ViewB Container 的 IBOutlet 引用，以及上面提到的它们各自的约束。在下面的代码中，主视图 Controller 实例化 ViewBViewController 并将后续 View 添加到 ViewB 容器，应用灵活的宽度/高度自动调整大小掩码以确保其填充可用空间。然后它会触发对内部 _layoutContainers() 函数的调用，该函数根据设备的方向执行许多约束修改操作。当前的实现如下:</p>
<ul>
<li>从 ViewA 中移除已知约束</li>
<li>从 View B Container 中移除已知约束</li>
<li>根据设备方向，根据特定设计激活 View A 和 View B Container 的新约束(在下面的代码注释中有详细说明)</li>
<li>针对所有 View 触发 updateConstraintsIfNeeded() 和 layoutIfNeeded()</li>
</ul>
<p>当发生resize事件时，代码允许viewWillTransition()触发，然后在完成回调中调用_layoutContainers()函数，使设备处于一个新的状态并可以遵循必要的逻辑路径。</p>
<p>整个主视图 Controller 单元如下:</p>
<pre><code>import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
// MARK: Variables
@IBOutlet weak var _viewAView: UIView!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewALeadingConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewATopConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewATrailingConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewABottomConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewBContainerView: UIView!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewBContainerWidthConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewBContainerHeightConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewBContainerTopConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
@IBOutlet weak var _viewBContainerLeadingConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
// MARK: UIViewController Overrides
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Instantiate View B's controller
let viewBViewController = self.storyboard!.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewBViewController")
self.addChildViewController(viewBViewController)
// Instantiate and add View B's new subview
let view = viewBViewController.view
self._viewBContainerView.addSubview(view!)
view!.frame = self._viewBContainerView.bounds
view!.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
viewBViewController.didMove(toParentViewController: self)
self._layoutContainers()
}
override func viewWillTransition(to size: CGSize, with coordinator: UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator) {
super.viewWillTransition(to: size, with: coordinator)
coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: nil, completion: { _ in
self._layoutContainers()
})
}
// MARK: Internal
private func _layoutContainers() {
// Remove View A constraints
self._viewAView.removeConstraints([
self._viewALeadingConstraint,
self._viewATopConstraint,
self._viewATrailingConstraint,
self._viewABottomConstraint,
])
// Remove View B Container constraints
var viewBContainerConstraints: = [
self._viewBContainerTopConstraint,
self._viewBContainerLeadingConstraint,
]
if(self._viewBContainerWidthConstraint != nil) {
viewBContainerConstraints.append(self._viewBContainerWidthConstraint)
}
if(self._viewBContainerHeightConstraint != nil) {
viewBContainerConstraints.append(self._viewBContainerHeightConstraint)
}
self._viewBContainerView.removeConstraints(viewBContainerConstraints)
// Portrait:
// View B - 16/9 and to bottom of screen
// View A - anchored to top and filling the remainder of the vertical space
if(UIDevice.current.orientation != .landscapeLeft && UIDevice.current.orientation != .landscapeRight) {
let viewBWidth = self.view.frame.width
let viewBHeight = viewBWidth / (16/9)
let viewAHeight = self.view.frame.height - viewBHeight
// View A - anchored to top and filling the remainder of the vertical space
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
self._viewAView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.leadingAnchor),
self._viewAView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.topAnchor),
self._viewAView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.trailingAnchor),
self._viewAView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self._viewBContainerView.topAnchor),
])
// View B - 16/9 and to bottom of screen
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
self._viewBContainerView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: viewBWidth),
self._viewBContainerView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: viewBHeight),
self._viewBContainerView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.topAnchor, constant: viewAHeight),
self._viewBContainerView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.leadingAnchor),
])
}
// Landscape:
// View B - 2/3 of screen on left
// View A - 1/3 of screen on right
else {
let viewBWidth = self.view.frame.width * (2/3)
// View B - 2/3 of screen on left
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
self._viewBContainerView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: viewBWidth),
self._viewBContainerView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: self.view.frame.height),
self._viewBContainerView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.topAnchor),
self._viewBContainerView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.leadingAnchor),
])
// View A - 1/3 of screen on right
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
self._viewAView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self._viewBContainerView.trailingAnchor),
self._viewAView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.topAnchor),
self._viewAView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.trailingAnchor),
self._viewAView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.bottomAnchor)
])
}
// Fire off constraints and layout update functions
self.view.updateConstraintsIfNeeded()
self._viewAView.updateConstraintsIfNeeded()
self._viewBContainerView.updateConstraintsIfNeeded()
self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
self._viewAView.layoutIfNeeded()
self._viewBContainerView.layoutIfNeeded()
}
}
</code></pre>
<hr/>
<p>我的问题是，虽然应用程序的初始加载显示了预期的结果( ViewB 保持 16/9 比例并位于屏幕底部，但 ViewA 占用了剩余空间):</p>
<p> <a href="/image/DCwP4.png" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><img src="/image/DCwP4.png" alt="Successful display"/></a> </p>
<p>任何后续的旋转都会完全破坏 View 并且不会恢复:</p>
<p> <a href="/image/PnEyN.png" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><img src="/image/PnEyN.png" alt="Failed display in landscape"/></a> </p>
<p> <a href="/image/v4KOy.png" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"><img src="/image/v4KOy.png" alt="Failed display in portrait"/></a> </p>
<p>此外，一旦加载应用程序，就会引发以下约束警告:</p>
<pre><code>TestResize Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want.
Try this:
(1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect;
(2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it.
(
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000096c60 _UILayoutGuide:0x7f8d4f414110.height == 0 (active)>",
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000090ae0 V:|-(0)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096990 V:-(0)- (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x608000094e10 V:|-(456.062)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>"
)
Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint
<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096990 V:-(0)- (active)>
Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.
TestResize Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want.
Try this:
(1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect;
(2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it.
(
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096940 UIView:0x7f8d4f413e60.leading == UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0.leadingMargin (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x608000094e60 H:|-(0)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>"
)
Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint
<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096940 UIView:0x7f8d4f413e60.leading == UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0.leadingMargin (active)>
Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.
TestResize Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want.
Try this:
(1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect;
(2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it.
(
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000096d50 _UILayoutGuide:0x7f8d4f40f4b0.height == 0 (active)>",
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000096d00 _UILayoutGuide:0x7f8d4f40f4b0.bottom == UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0.bottom (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000092e30 V:-(0)- (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x608000092070 UIView:0x7f8d4f40fd90.bottom == UIView:0x7f8d4f413e60.top (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x608000094e10 V:|-(456.062)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096e40 'UIView-Encapsulated-Layout-Height' UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0.height == 667 (active)>"
)
Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint
<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000092e30 V:-(0)- (active)>
Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.
TestResize Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want.
Try this:
(1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect;
(2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it.
(
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000096c60 _UILayoutGuide:0x7f8d4f414110.height == 20 (active)>",
"<_UILayoutSupportConstraint:0x600000090ae0 V:|-(0)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096850 V:-(0)- (active)>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x608000093b50 V:|-(0)- (active, names: '|':UIView:0x7f8d4f40f9e0 )>"
)
Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint
<NSLayoutConstraint:0x600000096850 V:-(0)- (active)>
Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.
</code></pre>
<p>感谢您阅读到这里!肯定有人遇到过(并希望解决)这个或类似的问题。任何帮助将不胜感激!</p></p>
<br><hr><h1><strong>Best Answer-推荐答案</ strong></h1><br>
<p><p>与其尝试添加和删除约束，不如考虑调整优先级来转换您的 View 。</p>
<p>所以对于您来说，默认布局有一个优先级为 900 的约束。然后添加第二个优先级为 1 的冲突约束。现在要切换显示模式，只需将第二个约束优先级移动到 900 以上，然后返回到下方以反转。只需更改优先级，即可在 Interface Builder 中轻松测试所有内容。</p>
<p>您还可以将更改放在动画 block 中以获得良好的平滑过渡。</p>
<p>-</p>
<p>要考虑使用的另一件事是尺寸等级。使用它，您可以指定特定约束仅适用于某些方向，这样您就可以完全“免费”获得所需的行为，只需在 IB 中进行设置。</p></p>
<p style="font-size: 20px;">关于iOS - 在 Swift 3 中以编程方式删除和激活新约束时布局损坏，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45096359/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow" style="color: red;">
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45096359/
</a>
</p>
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